Western European Car Industries & Economies of Scale :: Business Economics Car Industry

Western European Car Industries & Economies of Scale There are a lot of factors that determines whether or not a company will be successful. These factors are usually derived from economics. One factor that I plan to focus on is scale economies or better known as economies of scale. Firms that have expanded their scale of operations to obtain economies of mass production have survived and flourished. Whereas smaller firms who have not been able to expand have usually ended up as high-cost producers. The topic discussed will be the Italian automotive industry and how it is affected by economies of scale. As the economic integration of Europe continues, it is likely that increasing international competition will affect firms in European industries. As other countries expand and have more trade worldwide, the more the European economy will be affected. The economy will tend to buy from outside of Europe due to taste and lower prices. There would be more firms to choose from decreasing Economies of scale are significant because motor vehicle manufacturing is an industry based on growth. Since the automotive industry being discussed is in Italy, it is based primarily around one company, Fiat. The majority of sales of automobiles in Italy are acquired by Fiat. The automotive industry constitutes a substantial part in the European economy because this industry makes up 10 percent of total manufacturing output. An economy of scale is an important factor within the Italian automobile industry. This is due to continuing European integration and that the Italian automobile industry is dominated by a company known as Fiat. Fiat was founded in July 1899. Fiat started with a plant in New York that manufactured then established relationships with other countries leading to exports to France, Austria, Great Britain and Australia. Since Fiat was called on for a lot of equipment during WWI, Fiat became well known throughout Europe. As years passed Fiat began to also acquire other automobile companies such as Lancia, Autobianchi, Abarth, Alfa Romeo, Maserati and Ferrari. In 1988, 59.9% of the vehicles sold and approximately 99.2% of the automobiles produced in Italy were made by Fiat. The company continued to enter numerous international agreements for the manufacturer of Fiat products and to expand its investments. This also lead to new factories that were built outside of Italy, which were South Afr ica, Yugoslavia, Argentina, Turkey and Mexico.

Cell Division

I believe that our observations are repressentative of cell division taking place in the oinon root tip. Firstly, this is because our numbers of the number of cells in each phase of mitosis are similar to the rest of the groups, so we can assume our results are most likely correct. We can also assume our calculations are right because we know that Interphase is the most active phase in the process of cell divison, which would agree with our calculations since we assume that approxiamtly 93% of cells are going though Interphase.The phases of mitosis are much shorter then that of Interphase, and the cell spends less time in these phases. This agrees with our calculations because they run around 2-10%, conculding the fact that it is right to infere that a smaller amount of cells would be in the phases of mitosis. 5. Plants use a similar process with a few differences than in the human process. A plant cell creates a mitotic spindle and has a centrosome, but it does not have a centrioles , as in human chromosomes. The other major difference in plants is the way in which cytokinesis occurs.In human cells, the plasma membrane invaginates along the equator of the cell, creating a cleavage furrow that will separate the cytoplasm in two daughter cells. Plant cells have rigid cell walls that prevent this. Instead, they use two different approaches for cytokinesis. The plasma membrane and cell wall grow inward together, eventually separating the parent cell into two. Then the cell wall(which human cells do not contain) will separate the two daughter cells, and the cell wall starts growing in the middle of the cell between the two nuclei. This is known as the cell plate.It continues growing until its edges reach the cell's outer surface, separating the parent cell into two daughter cells. 6. Not all cells in the meristematic region of the onion appear to have a nucleus. This is because The earliest cells, and all prokaryote cells, don't have a nucleus. Inside these simple c ells, the DNA molecules just float around in the cytoplasm. When the cells have devoloped, most likely during telophase,the nucleus will appear. 7. The result of if the chromosomes of the two daughter cells remained on one side of the cell plate could be non-disjunction, where a chromosome may fail to separate during anaphase.One daughter cell will receive both sister chromosomes and the other will receive none. This results in the former cell having three chromosomes containing the same genes (two sisters and a homologue), and will develop into a condition called trisomy, and the latter cell which would only have one chromosome (the homologous chromosome), would be a condition known as monosomy. These cells are considered aneuploid, a condition often associated with cancer. 8. A class result is better in the measure of the time for each miotic phase because we can compare each number of time that each group gets.If the numbers are similar we can infere that it is more probable to b e the right answer, and can exclude any numbers that are an abnormal greater difference then the rest. By comparing all the calculations and observations of the class, we can justify the observations that are similar to those of the rest of the class. 9. Biocide 2-4D would harm and prevent the action of the substances within the meristematic cells of the plants. It will also cause major issues in sex cells because the chromosomes during metaphase 1 will not exchange proper genes with each other.

Hard Love Tough Love Relationships - 942 Words

Tough Love Tough love relationships exist in both real life and novels. It typically shows a struggle in a relationship between two or more people. Without it, the development of a person, real or not, is almost flat. Authors, for the most part, have always included a variety of tough love relationships in their works. The reason is to mainly help spark some kind of interest from the readers. Tough love relationships are also created to show scenarios that could also potentially happen in real life which keeps the readers glued in to the story. It is also used by authors to show a development from a certain character and help reveal one thing from a character that the readers have yet to notice. Regardless, a tough love relationship is a keystone that hold both real life and novels. Tough love relationships keep people’s daily lives interesting. It challenges people and their relationship with others whether if it’s an optimistic tough love or a pessimistic tough love. People need tough love to help them better themselves. It hurts but â€Å"it’s a necessary pain† (Schneider 46). As for authors, authors need to included tough love relationships in their works because it is a necessity. Tough love relationships to author’s works is like milk to cereal. Cereal would not taste good without milk and an author’s work would be a bit dull without a tough love relationship. Authors generally have different definitions of tough love in their works and for the most part, the readers playShow MoreRelatedLasting Love in Shakespeare1145 Words   |  5 Pagesreally hard. Were gonna have to work at this every day, but I want to do that because I want you. I want all of you, forever, you and me, every day† (Sparks). Being in a relationship is tough now days, and apparently couples in the older times still went through the same types of situations couples today go through. Everyone has their disagreements, and couples never know what life will throw their way. 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