Essay on Oedipus the King A Plot Driven Tragedy - 1493 Words

According to Aristotle, the driving force behind tragic works lies not in the development of characters but in the formulation of a specific plot structure. Aristotle believed that the purpose of all art is to imitate life and that human beings live their lives through events and actions. He argues that characters serve to advance the events of the plotline and that the characters themselves are not central. Aristotles opinions on tragedy were largely constructed around Sophocles Oedipus the King, which Aristotle called quot;the perfect tragedy.quot; Considered by many to be one of the greatest plays of all time, Oedipus the King tells how Oedipus, the king of Thebes, comes to realize that he unknowingly killed his father and married†¦show more content†¦To keep this from happening, Oedipus left home forever. On the way to Thebes at a three-way crossroad he became engaged in dispute and ended up killing a man whom he now fears may have been Laius. There was said to be one su rvivor of the attack for whom Oedipus sends to question. A messenger then approaches with news that Oedipuss fa ther, Polybus, has died of natural causes. Oedipus rejoices and concedes that perhaps prophecies are, in fact, unreliable. However, he still fears going to Corinth because of the half of the prophecy that states he will sleep with his mother. The messenger tells Oedipus that he does not need to fear this, as Polybus and his wife, Merope, are not Oedipuss true parents. The messenger recounts that long ago he was approached by a shepherd who gave him a baby boy with his ankles pinned together. He brought the baby to Polybus and Merope, who raised him as their own son. Oedipus demands that the other shepherd be brought fourth to testify, but Jocasta, suspecting the terrible truth, begs her husband to stop this search and to leave well enough alone. Oedipus refuses and Jocasta runs into the palace. Oedipus questions the shepherd who, after being threatened with torture, admits that the child was Laiuss son and that Jocasta gave him the infant to be killed in order to avo id a prophecy. Oedipus finally realizes who he is and who his parents are. He screams andShow MoreRelatedComparing Aristotle and Miller ´s View on Tragedy1230 Words   |  5 Pageswhat makes up a true tragedy. He suggests that tragedy is plot driven, and if the plot is set then there is no way around it. In Oedipus Rex by Sophocles, Oedipus is paying for the sins of his father King Laios. Laios was given horrible future by the Gods for angering them when he rapes another man. He was given a prediction that his son would murder him, and would marry his mother, Queen Jocaste. To prevent the prediction from happening Laios sent his shepherd to kill Oedipus, but gave him to a messengerRead MoreAnalysis Essay: Oedipus the King1017 Words   |  4 Pages Casual Analysis Essay: Oedipus the King Sophocles play Oedipus the King has endured for over two thousand years. The plays lasting appeal may be attributed to the fact it encompasses all the classical elements of tragedy as put forth by Aristotle in Poetics nearly a century before it was written. According to Aristotle, tragedy needs to be an imitation of life according to the law of probability or necessity. Tragedy is serious, complete, and has magnitude. It must have a beginning, middleRead MoreTragedy and Comedy Essay1248 Words   |  5 Pageseffect. Tragedy, represented by the weeping actors’ mask, usually features the title character’s fall from greatness to ruin, guided by the gods or fate. Oedipus Rex, written by Sophocles, is the epitome of classic Tragedy, as defined by Aristotle (96-101). Here, Oedipus falls from kingship to blindness and exile. Drama’s other great genre, Comedy, is represented by the laughing actors’ mask. In Comedy the action is usually propelled by a problem or c risis of some sorts, but unlike tragedy it usuallyRead MoreThe Perfect Aristotelian Tragedy: Oedipus the King Essay1432 Words   |  6 PagesAristotelian Tragedy: Oedipus the King by Sophocles Works Cited Not Included Oedipus the King is an excellent example of Aristotles theory of tragedy. The play has the perfect Aristotelian tragic plot consisting of paripeteia, anagnorisis and catastrophe; it has the perfect tragic character that suffers from happiness to misery due to hamartia (tragic flaw) and the play evokes pity and fear that produces the tragic effect, catharsis (a purging of emotion). Oedipus the King has the ingredientsRead More William Shakespeares Hamlet and Sophocles Oedipus the King1362 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet and Sophocles Oedipus the King   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Though Shakespeares’ Hamlet and Sophocles’ Oedipus the King were written in two different eras, echoes of the latter can be found in the former. The common theme of Hamlet and Oedipus the King is regicide. Also, like in Oedipus the King, there is a direct relationship between the state of the state and the state of their kings. Furthermore, there is also a relationship between Oedipus’ armed entrance into the bedroom in which JocastaRead MoreEssay on Oedipus and Hamlet1424 Words   |  6 PagesProfessor Mihailovic 5-14-01 Though Shakespeares Hamlet and Sophocles Oedipus the King were written in two different eras, echoes of the latter can be found in the former. The common theme of Hamlet and Oedipus the King is regicide. Also, like in Oedipus the King, there is a direct relationship between the state of the state and the state of their kings. Furthermore, there is also a relationship between Oedipus armed entrance into the bedroom in which Jocasta hanged herself, and HamletsRead MoreOedipus The King And The Moor Of Venice1294 Words   |  6 PagesOedipus the King was written by Sophocles in 430 B.C, and Othello, the Moor of Venice was written by William Shakespeare in 1604. Both stories involve tragedies that occur to the protagonists. Tragedy’s definition, â€Å". . . presents courageous individuals who confront powerful forces within or outside themselves with a dignity that reveals the breadth and depth of the human spirit in the face of failure, defeat, and even death† (Meyer 1091). Sophocles’ play informs us, the protagonists arrogances andRead More Effective dramatic irony Essay815 Words   |  4 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In Oedipus The King, Sophocles creates rising action by asking dramatic questions throughout the play. These questions generate suspense in the audience when they become dramatic irony and amplify the climax. During the falling action, Oedipus is engulfed in misery when he experiences a reversal of fortune. Finally, Oedipus goes through a discovery process ending when he discovers his tragic resolution. According to Aristotle, a tragedy consist of a drama that containsRead More Comparing Oedipus Rex and King Lear Essay1478 Words   |  6 PagesComparing Oedipus Rex and King Lear   Ã‚   Oedipus Rex and King Lear are, as their titles announce, both about kings. These two plays are similar in theme and in the questions they pose to the audience. The kings in each play both fall from the pinnacle of power to become the most loathed of all classes in society; Oedipus discovers that he is a murderer and committer of incest, and Lear becomes a mad beggar. Misjudgments occur in both plays, and the same questions about the gods, fate, and freeRead MoreSophocles Oedipus The King1714 Words   |  7 Pagesestablishing ideas in the field of literature, such as the concept of tragedy and the theory of the importance of scenes of recognition and reversal. This ancient concept and theory are still highly discussed and used to analyze numerous pieces of literature to this day. One piece that could be considered as an â€Å"ideal tragedy† is the play â€Å"Oedipus the King† written by Sophocles. In this play, Sophocles utilizes the concept of tragedy as well the theory of the importance of scenes of recognition and reversal

Sleep And The Brain Sleep Deprivation - 950 Words

Sleep the Brain Sleep is the mysterious shift in consciousness that our bodies require every day (sleep council). Sleep scientists have explored these changes in depth, their definition of sleep is tied to characteristic patterns of brain waves other physiological functions (Harvard, 2008). There are many different risk factors that can come up if we do not get the sleep our body needs to function. One serious effect due to the lack of sleep would be sleepiness can cause accidents. According to Camille Peri, sleep deprivation was a factor in some of the biggest disasters in recent history: the 1979 nuclear accident at Three Mile Island, the massive Exxon Valdez oil spill, the 1986 nuclear meltdown at Chernobyl, many others (Camille, 2005). The first thing that came to my mind when thinking about what happens if we do not get sleep was the safety risks being on the road. Every day I drive 40 minutes to either work or school while driving on the interstate I have noticed many times people swerving into the other lane. Semi-truck drivers are at a huge risk for these accidents because most of them barely get any sleep so that they are able to make all the trips required to get through the week. My step-father drove a truck Monday through Friday and I remembered him tellin g me how little sleep he would get just to make sure he got his work done so he could come home on the weekends. Drowsiness can slow reaction time as much as driving drunk can (Camille, 2005). TheShow MoreRelatedSleep Deprivation And Its Effects On The Brain And Body905 Words   |  4 PagesWhile loss of sleep must be required at times, sleep deprivation has become a problem worth addressing because it is a very common sleep disorder which can adversely affect the brain and cognitive function. However, It has many effects on a human brain such as depression, memory lapses or loss, and symptoms similar to ADHD. In order to identify what sleep deprivation is, it is necessary to understand how sleep is a necessity for the human brain and body. Sleep is the most important part of one sRead MoreSleep Deprivation Essay1183 Words   |  5 PagesSleep is a necessity that people require to live a healthy lifestyle, and to partake in daily activities. Sleep is something that improves concentration, physical health, and provides energy. Steve Jobs once said, â€Å"For you to sleep well at night, the aesthetic, the quality, has to be carried all the way through.† Steve Jobs is proclaiming that to receive the full benefits of sleep, people must sleep the recommended hours. College students continue to undergo a lack of sleep as they persist throughRead MoreThe Causes of Sleep Deprivation1096 Words   |  4 PagesIn Western cultures, the biggest cause of sleep deprivation is stress mostly as a result of being sick, overworking and shift working, drugs, or examinations (Pinel, 2014). Sleep loss can lead to impairment in decision-making. Two studies have been conducted that look at twenty-four hours of sleep deprivation and fo cus on the effect it has on making complex decisions. Essentially, what is the effect of total sleep deprivation in decision-making? In 2009, David Schyner and his colleagues had theRead MoreSleep Deprivation And Its Effects On Society1431 Words   |  6 PagesBeing a full time student and avid participant in the community, sleep usually falls by the wayside as the struggle to maintain a healthy balance of activities and work continues. Sleep deprivation can actually be very devastating, having a huge affects on work ethic and focus. Sleep deprivation is â€Å"the condition of being robbed of sleep,† according to Dictionary.com. â€Å"A chronic sleep-restricted state can cause fatigue, daytime sleepiness, clumsiness, weight loss or weight gain,† giving it a substantialRead MoreThe Effect Of Sleep Deprivation On Seizure1220 Words   |  5 PagesA study on the effect of sleep deprivation on seizure in epilepsy disorder and its relation to signaling bathways in the brain People with seizure disorder usually have problems with their sleep. Daytime sleepiness, lack of energy and drowsiness are frequently seen in epileptic patients. Baseline electrical activity has been vastly studied in epilepsy. Seizures can be either partial or generalized. Based on the area of the brain triggered by epileptic waves, any kind of motor or sensory abnormalitiesRead MoreHuman Bodies Are Much Like Carefully Crafted Machines1495 Words   |  6 Pagesthemselves, and fail and break down. One particular necessity for human bodies is sleep, and if not acquired, many complications can emerge. Sleep deprivation is a common problem all too often overlooked as a mere loss of a night’s rest. Most people do not realize the potential problems sleep deprivation can cause. From undesired grouchiness and uninhibited yawns to constant illness and a failing mental state, sleep deprivation is a condition to never be taken lightly. In fact, it can cause an otherwiseRead MoreEssay On Sleep Deprivation801 Words   |  4 Pagesthe world sleep deprivation could be detrimental to people lives and health. Without sleep Im a angry person I get real snappy and grumpy. I would like to know more about the effects of the lack of sleep that effects people’s lives. I know that without sleep you can’t function properly. Why do people choose to push themselves to the limit when they are tired? Who do sleep issues mainly effect? These are some of the questions that I have pertaining to sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation is a globalRead MoreSleep Deprivation Is A Common Problem955 Words   |  4 Pagesfail and break down. One particular necessity for human bodies is sleep, and if not acquired, numerous complications can emerge. Sleep deprivation is a common problem that is all too often overlooked as a mere loss of a night’s rest. What most people do not realize is the potential problems sleep deprivation can cause. From undesired grouchiness and uninhibited yawns, to constant illness and a failing mental state, sleep deprivation is condition that is nothing to be taken lightly. In fact, it canRead MoreSleep Deprivation And Health809 Words   |  4 PagesHow does sleep affect health? Studies show that the body needs to receive 7 to 9 hours of sleep each night. Many people especially in college, may only get half of this amount. Sleep deprivation is very common in the United States. What exactly is sleep deprivation you may ask yourself? Sleep deprivation is when you do not get a satisfactory amount of sleep. Effects of sleep deprivation are fatigue, weight gain/loss, and reaction time. Sleep deprivation is very common among teens and young adultsRead MoreWhy We Sleep- The Pending Mystery 731 Words   |  3 Pagesinto the field of sleep research. However, these discoveries are still far from being complete. Considering that an individual spends about one-third of their life sleeping, there is much more that still needs to be discovered concerning this topic. General Information Sleep is basically a state of physical inactivity and mental rest in which conscious awareness, thoughts, and voluntary movements do not occur. During sleep, irregular and unpredictable dreaming also takes place. Sleep is a very active

The European Energy Market Free Essays

European Energy Market Q1) 1. Economic benefits would be that the consumers would have freedom to choose their energy providers and probably could lower the costs. The variety of producers will improve the quality of their service. We will write a custom essay sample on The European Energy Market or any similar topic only for you Order Now Energy providers can improve efficiency through competition which will also reduce prices. Larger utilities should be another result, which will allow them to compete more effectively. 2. I believe both the consumers and businesses would gain from liberalization: Customers should have more choices of energy providers which would increase the likelihood they would have to pay less for their energy and the energy companies could also buy energy from the cheapest source. Q2 Implications: Will replace the markets of its 27 member states with a single market for electricity and gas for the entire continent. It permits the biggest energy groups to acquire other smaller energy firms in the continent. Hill 2012) Changes in environment after liberalization: There are a lot of acquisitions and mergers in the energy markets. Fights between governments protecting their firms and the biggest groups which want to acquire them are a probability. Bigger firms will try to acquire firms in local country. Actions: Government would have to impose conditions to stop foreign companies from acquiring local companies, with the local authorities trying to protect the advantages of the local c ompanies. Q3) Why is the de-integration of large energy companies seen as such an important part of any attempt to liberalize the EU energy market? The biggest energy groups are national and they have monopoly. The de-integration of the biggest companies will encourage the smallest companies to be more active and promotes fairness in the market and makes energy firms more equal. It would also permit the introduction of new providers on the energy market. So, competition between them would increase the†¦ How to cite The European Energy Market, Papers

Climbing South Sister Essay Example For Students

Climbing South Sister Essay Kelly kFeb. 17 1999English 10 NarrativeWhen my uncle invited me to climb South Sister with him in the summer of 1996 I was ecstatic. It had always been a dream of mine and now I would get a chance to achieve it.We left Corvallis at around 9 am August 23 morning and traveled to Sisters for lunch. From Sisters, we drove to Devils Lake Trailhead and left our truck there. Next, we hiked to Moraine Lake for an overnight camp. That night my uncle went over things that I could expect on the mountain. The trail to the summit is a little over six miles long with an elevation gain of over 5000 feet. The climb doesnt require any technical climbing (requiring ropes), but it is an exhausting climb with steep patches of volcanic scree and occasional snowfields. Because of the altitude, you should be prepared for weather that could vary from 80 F and sunny to 20 F and whiteout conditions. With this in mind I went back to my tent to pack my bag for the next days trip. In my backpack I included my ten essentials (a knife, map, compass, sun block, flashlight, matches and toilet paper), 2-3 liters of water, lunch and a couple snacks, my waterproof clothing, an extra fleece pullover and extra socks. We would leave to hike to the summit at 6:00 am the next morning. The next morning my uncle woke me up at 5:00 am. I got dressed then went out to have breakfast. As we were finishing eating the sun was starting to rise in the east. We washed out our dishes, grabbed our gear and hit the trail. The first 1000 feet of elevation gain passes through deep green pine forests as you ascend the draw. This narrow drainage eventually places you at the top of a plateau where for the first time you witness the massive southern face of South Sister towering another 4000 feet above you! Crossing another mile and a half of this plain, you begin the push up the steeper slopes that lead to a point from which you can make the final attempt at the summit. The volcanic skree soil begins to change from slate gray to cinder red the higher you climb, and at about the 8,800 foot level, you arrive at the terminus moraine lacerated off the mountain by the Lewis glacier. From there you can see the 1500-foot south ridge that leads to the top of Oregons third highest volcanic peak. The south ridge climb goes slowly, as you sometimes pass other climbers resting along the way, sometimes we are passed, or meet those descending with supreme satisfaction on their faces. Our climbing was at a slow pace that you can maintain for long pitches on an ascent, and slow this one was. But as just over an hour of steady climbing came to an end, I arrived at the summit with my uncle. Exaltation flooded my heart when I attained my climbing goal, but this joy was short lived. As we crested the edge of the summit rim onto South Sisters broad caldera crater which towers above 10,000 feet, a boiling cloud of dark smoke came into sight beyond the north side of the crater wall. Forest fire, was all I could say. Crossing the craters snow packed surface we looked down upon a scene of hell fire in the Three Sisters wilderness four thousand feet below. Helicopters buzzed like tiny insects above the thrashing flames that leaped hundreds of feet above the forest. For some time we sat with other climbers on that north rim looking down at the beauty of the Chambers Lakes, threatened now by destruction. .u802545bc4a73c422dfa698e1943ff455 , .u802545bc4a73c422dfa698e1943ff455 .postImageUrl , .u802545bc4a73c422dfa698e1943ff455 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u802545bc4a73c422dfa698e1943ff455 , .u802545bc4a73c422dfa698e1943ff455:hover , .u802545bc4a73c422dfa698e1943ff455:visited , .u802545bc4a73c422dfa698e1943ff455:active { border:0!important; } .u802545bc4a73c422dfa698e1943ff455 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u802545bc4a73c422dfa698e1943ff455 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u802545bc4a73c422dfa698e1943ff455:active , .u802545bc4a73c422dfa698e1943ff455:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u802545bc4a73c422dfa698e1943ff455 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u802545bc4a73c422dfa698e1943ff455 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u802545bc4a73c422dfa698e1943ff455 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u802545bc4a73c422dfa698e1943ff455 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u802545bc4a73c422dfa698e1943ff455:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u802545bc4a73c422dfa698e1943ff455 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u802545bc4a73c422dfa698e1943ff455 .u802545bc4a73c422dfa698e1943ff455-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u802545bc4a73c422dfa698e1943ff455:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: THE 1999 FORD MUSTANG? Essay However, at last persuaded me that we had to depart the summit as the early afternoon wore on. We were still six miles and almost 5,000 feet above the parking area, and the afternoon heat from the fires was rising above the central Oregon desert promising more thunder storms and lightening over the Cascades. The slippery, sliding descent down thousands of feet of skree slopes keeps you constantly on your guard to avoid falls. With already fatigued legs this can be quite an accomplishment. We moved slowly but deliberately along the south ridge. Then the swirling winds above the mountain changed and the towering smoke clouds from what now appeared to be three dispersed conflagrations in the Sisters and neighboring wilderness areas spread a dark smear across the sky. The bright sun quickly faded to yellow and then ruddy red, as the smoke cloud grew thicker. The fires were blanketing thousands of square miles with their smokey shadow. I made the long hike off the mountain with my muscles exhausted but I was still beaming from the goal I had just accomplished.

William Shakespeares Tragedy Hamlet Has Been One Of The Most Controve

William Shakespeare's tragedy Hamlet has been one of the most controversial works of all time. There have been so many criticisms on this book and opinions on what the main theme behind the play is. Many themes have been proposed such as revenge, sex, reality and jealousy. I myself believe that there is no one theme behind Hamlet and it is a complex with work with many complex ideas behind it. I didn't realize this until I read the criticisms and saw how things I interpreted so plainly was interpreted many different ways by others who had read the play. ? Gatorade's sexuality, which is uncontrolled and powerful, is a major aspect of the play. Hamlet can not have Gertrude and this leads Hamlet to have powerful and uncontrollable feelings of maternal malevolence. It is him mothers quick remarriage to Claudius that galls Hamlet the most? (Bradly, 40) ?Frailty thy name is woman ? A little month, or ere those shoes were old With which she followed my poor fathers body Like Niobe, all tears, why she, even she ? O God, a beast that wants discourse of reason Would have mourned longer ?married with my uncle, My fathers brother, but no more like my father Than I to hercules. Within a month, Ere yet the salt of most unrightous tears Had left the flushing in her galled eyes, She married. O, most wicked speed, to post With such dexterity to incestuous sheets. It is not, nor it cannot come to good. But break my heart, for I must hold my tongue?. I personally think that that live has more to do with Hamlets anger with his mother for marrying so soon than with his jealousy and his own love for his mother. I had also interpreted it as saying that his mother's tears were false, or she would have mourned much longer, and not married his father's brother. ?It is a generally accepted view nowadays that Gertrude must have felt a tremendous attachment to Claudious?. (Rose, 61) ?Nor sense to ecstasy was ever so thralled But it reseved some quatity of choice To serve in such a difference? I took that to mean the opposite of what the critic was saying, that Gertrude was never really in love with Claudius. ?Hamlet does it not, Hamlet denies it. Who does it then? His madness. If't be so, Hamlet is of the faction that is wronged. ?For Hamlets ?madness? was but the reflection of the villa which he found himself surrounded, of which Claudious was the most prolific source?. ( Kitto, 87) Although most people do believe that Hamlet was crazy, I do not agree. I could understand the feeling that he felt going through the play and although he did some strange things, people do when under that type of stress. As you can see, certain statements in this play can be interpreted in many different ways. I have found reading over criticisms very interesting and it helped me see a whole new side and perspective of Hamlet and his motives. I hope that I have provided a good overview to the criticisms on Hamlet and provided some of my own views on the play.

Tourism and Nepal Tour Essay Example

Tourism and Nepal Tour Essay Example Tourism and Nepal Tour Essay Tourism and Nepal Tour Essay Nepal has given the plentiful tourism resources to Nepal. The natural scenery, high mountains, incomparable cultural heritage and numerous specialties have made Nepal a well known destination in the world of tourism map. The center for numerous adventure activities such as trekking, mountaineering, rafting, mountain biking, Paragliding, Jungle Safaris etc. Nepal is widely famous for adventure tourism activities among the visitors from around the world. Almost a million visitors turn to Nepal to perceive the miraculous mountains each year. To primarily focus on the tourism sector and to promote Nepal internationally, government of Nepal has declared the year 2011 is to be celebrated as Nepal Tourism Year-2011. The prime objective of this campaign is substantial growth of the tourism industry attracting more than a million tourists. The concept of Nepal Tourism Year 2011 envisions harnessing these opportunities and strengths and bringing together the commitment of the government for further tourism development in the country. SPECIAL TAVEL PACKAGE FOR NTY-2011 Trekking in Nepal Nepal Tour Rafting in Nepal Adventurous Sport Sightseeing Place Annapurna Trekking Kathamdnu Valley Tour Trishuli River Bungy JumpingKathmandu Everest Trekking Lumbini Tour Bhote Koshi River Paragliding Bhaktapur Langtang Trekking Art and craft Tour Kali Gandaki River Mountain BikingPatan Mustang Trekking Bird watching Tour Marshyangdi River Motor Gliding Dhulikhel Manaslu Trekking Kailash Tour Seti River Mountain FlightNagarkot Kanchanjunga Trekking Lhasa Tour Karnali RiverKakani Dhaulagiri Trekking Photograph Tour Tamor RiverKirtipur Ganesh Himal Trekking Arun RiverHelambu Dolpo Trekking Bheri RiverNamo Buddha Short TrekkingCharikot Other Trekking Manang Chepang Village Chitwan Lumbini Gorkha Janakpur Tansen Tibet Damak Pokhara Gosainkunda Muktinath Bandipur Namche Bazzar

Company Introduction, Market Segmentation, and Product Positioning Assignment

Company Introduction, Market Segmentation, and Product Positioning - Assignment Example Additionally, recent financial crisis has also affected company’s revenue trends and has raised concern in management to focus on foreign markets and explore regions which have potential demand for its products. The management of the company is now planning to target a foreign market for its products, where the company can expand its products’ line and generate more revenues. In this regard, the management of the company believe that UAE is the most appropriate target foreign market while considering the nature of company’s business. Mission Statement UW’s mission statement is to â€Å"become a favorite clothing brand of kids both in UK and internationally†. Target Foreign Market for Company’s Product The company has planned to target kids clothing market in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The rationale for doing so is that there has been a phenomenal increase recorded in the demand and consumption of kids clothing. Moreover, kids clothing br ands which have already entered UAE’s market have earned their place in the market. ... Following are the key factors favoring UAE as a target market for UW’s brand: Kids clothing brands market has experienced a growth of 16 % in the United Arab Emirates during the year 2010 (Jones, 2012). According to Liwa Trading, kids clothing brands, who are popular in other parts of the world, are expressing their wish to enter UAE’s market (Jones, 2012). Kids in the UAE have an increasing concern of what they wear and have developed a fashion sense (Jones, 2012). In 2011, there were about $ 1 billion spent by people living in the UAE on children clothing and footwear brands, thus implying how strong demand and consumption is for kids clothing products (Jones, 2012). There is a wide range of prices of clothing available in the UAE’s store, i.e. prices of clothing products are ranged between Dh 250 and Dh 2,500, and as a result UW can set its target price for products relatively easily (Jones, 2012). Potential Audience for a Marketing Plan The potential audience s of a marketing plan can be both internal and external stakeholders of a business. These stakeholders include management, departmental staff, investors, regulatory authorities, analysts, customers and others. The needs of this wide audience for a marketing plan may vary from person to person. It is actually the perceptions they have which in turn shape their needs. People listen what they want to listen, and the same goes for marketing plan. Information contained in a marketing plan may be of high value and interest for management, but at the same time it may be regarded as useless or even unworthy to be looked at by others. Therefore, a perfect marketing plan caters the

Business Research Paper about Currency Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business about Currency - Research Paper Example (See Table I – 2010 U.S. Unemployment Rate below) Because of the debt of Greece, investors were reluctant whether or not a solution will be developed to solve Greece’s debts (CNN Money a). Due to the distress in euro zone, the real value of USD increased against major currencies like Euro. This explains the weakening of Euro against USD between March 22 and March 23, 2010. The uncertainty in the U.S. healthcare bill caused the decline in the USD against Euro exchange rate starting March 24, 2010 (Twin). The real value of USD fell against Euro by 0.5% to US$1.3479. This was due to the strengthening of the Euro when the European Union leaders announced their decision to financially aid the debt of Greece during the summit in Brussels (Pepitone). The emergency bailout plan which aims to rescue to economic condition of Greece regain the confidence of investors with Euro. Between April 5 to April 8, USD weakened against the Euro. This is probably due to the fact that the U.S. job market worsened as compared to the previous weeks or previous months (Trading Economics). Other than the increased in the U.S. unemployment rate, the U.S. light crude oil for the period of May delivery increased by $1.75 per barrel. Because of the high cost of crude oil per barrel (US$86.62), a lot of investors became less confident with regards to how trading will go over the next few days or next few months (Twin, CNN News). Although there was a slight change in the cost of May delivery of crude oil last Thursday (April 8), decrease in the market price of imported crude oil per barrel remains high (US$85.39) (Twin, CNN Money). Stocks also fell when big companies like General Motors announced its huge loss in the market. These factors together with the strengthening of Greece and other Euro members made the value of USD against Euro fell back on April 8. Aside from what is going on in the U.S. economy, the success of the European and Asian markets made the currency of USD

Trade and economic grwoth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Trade and economic grwoth - Essay Example f a large number of developing nations, while the other group is of the view that trade had adversely affected economic growth of developing nations in particular. Over past few decades, extensive work has been done in this field by employing various statistical models and has been criticized on grounds of assumptions and validity. Therefore, purpose of this paper is to investigate the positive developments to economic growth arising from trade and the reasons for which these gains are often not realized. This paper first analyzes positive impacts to economic growth that could be directly attributed to trade. Then, the paper studies empirical evidence from a host of nations in order to verify whether or not these advantages are effectively realized. The aim is to see whether trade always accrues benefits for nations, thereby contributing to their economic growth. The existing literature points out that there a large number of benefits that can be derived from trade. Researchers have also differentiated between static and dynamic impacts, which could be achieved from trade between nations. Static gains are related to improvement in social welfare with fixed amount of input and dynamic gains from trade refer to change in the production structure due to adoption of new technology (Didier & Pinat, 2013). Firstly, trade helps in alleviation of poverty by increasing opportunities for commercial investments. It also helps in development of the private sector by boosting their sales from increased demand. Secondly, trade helps in enhancing competitiveness of developing countries by reducing the cost of inputs and adding value to their products. Rising trade brings in more investments for countries, which in turn improves infrastructure and quality of lives of individuals. Thirdly, trade has also been identified as a major vehicle for export diversif ication that can be achieved by developing countries. This enhances possibility of the developing countries to access new

The importance of caterpillar inc in mining

The importance of caterpillar inc in mining Caterpillar Inc is the largest maker of construction and mining equipment, diesel and natural gas engines and industrial gas turbines in the world (Caterpillar Inc, 2010, p.1). It was started in 1925, and is based in Peoria, Illinois. Its operations are divided into three segments: machinery, engines, and financial business segments (Businessweek, 2010). With a global footprint, Caterpillar Inc.s product line boasts of more than 300 products, manufactured in twenty three countries (Caterpillar Inc, 2010). In the sections that follow, an internal analysis of the firm is carried out and its distinctive capabilities and core competencies evaluated. Its corporate, functional, and competitive strategies are also analyzed. Distinctive capabilities: The resource-based view of the firm asserts that an organizations resources and capabilities underpin the bedrock upon which the firms competitive advantage and strategy is based. While resources refer to the productive assets owned by the firm (Saloner, Shepard, and Podolny, 2008, p.12), capabilities refer to what the firm can do (Saloner, Shepard, and Podolny, 2008, p.12). Three types of resources have been identified: tangible resources, intangible resources, and human resources. As far as Caterpillar Inc is concerned, these are discussed below: Tangible Resources: Financial Resources: Caterpillar has a strong and healthy cash flow position. Net cash flows have increased from $592,000 in 2007 to $1,614,000 in 2008 and $2,131,000 in 2009 (Yahoo Finance, 2010). It enjoys strong market capitalization, which stands at $39.8 billion compared to only $6.29 billion for its closest competitor and the industry average of $1.71 billion. Its operating margins as well as price earnings ratio are well above the industry average (Yahoo Finance, 2010). Caterpillars sales revenues, profits, and other financial indicators have shown a consistent improvement over the years. For instance, sales revenues have risen from $30.3bn in 2004 to $51.3bn by 2008, surpassing the firms 2010 target of $50bn with two years to go. Over the same period, profits have risen from $2bn to $3.6bn. Other financial ratios have also witnessed a strong climb-up (Annual Report). The firm also boasts of an investment-grade credit rating as well as easy access to the capital (Caterpillar I nc, 2009). Marketing Resources: Caterpillar Inc has a marketing and distribution system that spans the entire globe. Additionally, it holds the market leadership position in the construction and mining industries as well as in the construction of natural gas, diesel, and industrial engines (Caterpillar Inc, 2009). With the broadest global footprint in the industry, it is very well diversified in terms of geographical spread and derives only 33% of its revenues in the US market. With over 300 products in its product line, its product base can be described as broad and well diversified which can help cushion it against downturns in specific product areas. Its customer service can also be described as superior, given that the firm offers among others quality assurance underpinned by a three year warranty, as well as fixed rate long-term financing tailored to specific customer needs (Caterpillar Inc, 2009). Physical Resources: Caterpillar Inc boasts of hi-tech manufacturing facilities spread in at least twenty three countries, and geared towards production in thirteen different industries. Under the Caterpillar Production System (CPS), it has a world class manufacturing, supply chain, and distribution system that are closely aligned with the flexible manufacturing philosophy (Caterpilar Inc, 2009). Intangible Resources: Technology: the number of patents which Caterpillar Inc has received has continued to increase year after successive year. By 2010, it had 620 patents. This is in line with its expenditure on RD which has grown from just $928 million in 2004 to $1.73bn by 2008 (Caterpillar Inc, 2009). Reputation: the market leader in the construction and mining industries and in the natural gas, industrial, and diesel engine industries, Caterpillar enjoys strong brand recognition as well as a strong reputation for machines distinguished by their specialist expertise, durability, design, as well as dealer and service excellence. According to Saloner, Shepard, and Podolny (2008, p.12), resources by themselves cannot give a firm a competitive advantage but must be blended together to give the firm capabilities. Based on the inventory of Caterpillar Inc.s resources presented above, the firms capabilities can be given as follows: strong financial position which also gives the firm a high ability to finance innovation (RD) and working capital requirements, raise credit financing to expand its operations or investments, as well as the ability to finance its customers and dealers purchases over the long run. Strong innovation capabilities as evidenced by the increasing number of patents it holds and the sustained investment in RD activities. Supply chain efficiencies (flexibility, cost effectiveness, etc) as evidenced by its Caterpillar Production System (CPS). Strong manufacturing and distribution capabilities as evidenced by its global configuration of production, supply, and distribution facilities. Strong marketing capabilities as defined by its market leadership position, broad product portfolio (over 300 products in thirteen different industries), its strong brand recognition and reputation, and superior customer service and excellence. Selznick (1990) coined the term distinctive competences / capabilities to describe those things which the organization does extremely well relative to its marketplace rivals. In the case of Caterpillar Inc, its distinctive capabilities can be said to include: its innovation and financial capabilities as well as its well-diversified product base and geographical spread. Core competencies: Prahalad and Hamel (1990) define core competencies as those capabilities which are central to an organizations achievement of a sustainable competitive advantage. For the capability to be termed as a core competence, it has to meet four criteria as spelled out by the VRIO framework. It must be valuable, rare, inimitable, and the organization must be sufficiently organized to exploit it. While Caterpillar Inc has a very broad product line and wide geographical spread, this can be easily replicated by its rivals through a deliberate strategy of market development and product diversification. Its supply chain capabilities can also be easily replicated through undertaking demand and supply chain integration activities such as maintaining low inventory levels and adopting flexible manufacturing systems. Its main core competencies therefore are its innovation capabilities, its superior financial position, and its superior customer service. Strategy: Strategy formulation has been described as taking place at three levels: the corporate level, business level, and the functional level. Robbins and Coulter (2005) identify three types of corporate strategies. These include growth, retrenchment, and stability strategies. Traditionally, Caterpillar has pursued the growth strategy which involves aggressively expanding into new markets and introducing new products so that by 2008 it had more than 300 products. Apart from its domestic US market, it has spread to most countries in Asia Pacific, Africa, Europe and Middle East, and Latin America. However, prompted by the increasingly cyclical nature of the industries across which it operates as well as the recent global economic recession, the firm put brakes on its growth strategy and pursued a retrenchment strategy instead. This was characterized by cost reduction initiatives, closure of underperforming business units, and employee layoffs (Caterpillar Inc, 2009). According to its annual report, the firms trough planning initiative has involved: Scaling down the number of its employees by more than 20,000, through voluntary as well as forced layoffs. Additionally, the firm has done away with many contingent workers (that is, temporary, agency, and contract employees). Reducing working hours as well as closing some plants temporarily in many of its global facilities. In some areas, the firm has introduced shorter working weeks. The firm has also undertaken various measures to optimize its supply chain management. These include reduction of inventories (which is expected to lead to lower inventory carrying costs), forging closer relationships with key suppliers, and the alignment of its logistical processes to conform to its flexible manufacturing system dubbed the Caterpillar Production System (CPS). It has drastically reduced compensation levels for its employees and managers, in some instances by as much as half. This is expected to drive cost savings. According to Robbins and Coulter (2005), firms which pursue the corporate strategy of growth have various strategic alternatives at their disposal. These include: concentration, vertical integration, horizontal integration, and diversification strategies. Of the four strategies, Caterpillar Inc has primarily made use of the diversification and horizontal integration strategies. Diversification involves expanding the firms scope of operations into other industries and product lines and this can be seen in the firms expansion to over 300 products and in thirteen industries. The horizontal integration strategy involves merging operations with other players in the same industry with a view of enhancing the firms competitive thrust and lowering competition in the industry. In the case of Caterpillar, this is evidenced by: Combination of its operations with Mitsubishi Heavy Industries in 1965 in the Japanese market; joint venture with Navistar International Corporation which led to the creation of a new entity known as NC2 Global LLC in 2009; and a joint venture agreement with China Yuchai Machinery Co. Ltd in 2009 (Businessweek, 2010). The Ansoff Matrix has further identified the strategies which can be pursued by a firm deploying the corporate strategy of growth as: product development, market development, diversification, and market penetration strategies (Mercer, 1996). The firm has predominantly made use of the product development strategy which involves the introduction of new products for existing markets. Cases in point include the introduction by the company of next generation mining trucks, the first ever electric drive tracks in the industry, as well as the innovation of the revolutionary cat 175 engine (Caterpillar Inc, 2009). The market development strategy is also evident in the firms strategic posture, especially in its forays into more countries through geographic expansion. Some of the countries recently ventured into by Caterpillar include Saudi Arabia and India (Caterpillar Inc, 2009). At the business level, three main strategies have been identified. These include the overall low cost leadership strategy, the differentiation strategy, and the niche / focus strategy. The niche strategy has further been distinguished as either a differentiated niche strategy or focused low cost strategy. Additionally, an organization may follow a stuck in the middle approach where it simultaneously pursues two or more of these strategies (Porter, 1998). Of the three generic strategies, Caterpillar Inc can be described as following the generic strategy of differentiation. As its annual report (Caterpillar, 2009) attests, this strategy is based on two of its core competencies: its innovation capabilities and superior customer service. Functional level strategies are strategies which are implemented at the functional level in order to support the business level and ultimately, the corporate level strategies (Robbins and Coulter, 2005). For example, as far as the human resource is concerned, the firm continues to put a lot of emphasis on the training and development of its personnel. In 2008 for example, it spent up to $60 million in training and development initiatives. By ensuring that its employees are well trained and developed, the firm can see to it that creativity and innovation is fostered and that the staff are in a position to deliver exceptional levels of customer service. Its customer service strategy for example has involved offering three year warranties, and long term financing for customers and dealers (Caterpillar Inc, 2009). Its manufacturing strategy has involved upgrading of its facilities. For example, in 2008, the firm spent up to $2.4 billion in initiatives aimed at modernizing its manufacturing infrastructure. Other functional level strategies include ensuring costs are kept within manageable levels while maintaining high quality standards through initiatives such as the Six Sigma program, and ensuring that the organization is aligned with emerging market needs (Caterpillar Inc, 2009).

Jonathan Larson :: essays research papers

Jonathan Larson ~ RENT (February 4, 1960 – January 25, 1996) Composer-lyricist-librettist of RENT, a rock opera inspired by "La Bohà ¨me", Jonathan Larson was born in Mt. Vernon, New York, and raised in suburban White Plains, the second child of Allan and Nanette Larson. Both Jonathan's parents loved music and theatre, and show tunes and folk music were always playing in their home. Jon and his sister Julie took piano lessons during elementary school. He could play by ear, and his teacher encouraged him to experiment with rhythm, harmony, and setting words. By high school, he was called the "Piano Man" after the enormously popular song of that title by Billy Joel; he also played tuba in the school marching band. Active in school and community theatre, Jonathan had major roles in several musicals. In 1978, Jonathan entered the acting conservatory at Adelphi University with a four-year full-tuition merit scholarship. He told an interviewer in 1993 that the program was "an undergrad version of the Yale Rep [the theatre where students of the Yale School of Drama work alongside veteran professionals]. And I was serious enough about theatre to know that this was what I wanted to do." He earned his Equity card doing summer stock and received a BFA with honors in 1982. His favorite part of the Adelphi curriculum was the original political cabarets. With classmates, Larson wrote rock-flavored attacks on the New Christian Right, Reaganomics, and the mind-numbing effects of television. He also scored EL LIBRO DE BUENAMOR (1979) and THE STEAK TARTARE CAPER (1981), musicals with lyrics and libretti by faculty members. He had a knack for pastiche and for complex ensemble numbers that used themes in counterpoint. In class, Jonathan studied the theatre of Bertolt Brecht and Peter Brook. Among his musical influences were JESUS CHRIST SUPERSTAR, the Beatles, Prince, and the Police, but the writer he admired most was Stephen Sondheim, to whom he wrote during his last year in college. The distinguished composer-lyricist answered him and became an adviser to the young songwriter. After graduation, Jonathan moved to Manhattan, went on acting auditions, performed in a nightclub trio, and composed songs for a musical version of Rudyard Kipling's "Jungle Books". In 1982 he adapted George Orwell's "1984" for the musical stage. Deeply affected by the novel, and unflappably confident, he completed book, music, and lyrics, recorded a demo tape, sent a script to director Harold Prince, and wrote to Orwell's estate.

Gender and Sexulaity

Jackie Pappas Professor Winchock ENWR 106-AN March 5, 2013 Paper #2 – Middle Draft Gender & Sexuality Our everyday lives are greatly affected by ones gender and sexuality. They shape who we are and define our identities. Society expects a certain gender to behave in a specific way and if this does not happen, one is seen as shameful and wrong, leaving the individual to feel defeated and out of place. In society only a few decades ago, women were meant to be silent and restricted. Men were the superior ones who had a voice. They freely got to do whatever they pleased.In Julia Avarez’ â€Å"Daughter of Invention and Judith Ortiz Cofer’s poem â€Å"The Changeling,† women were restricted of their true identities and their voices were silenced by the Ppallogocentric order. As a female in society, one was not permitted to speak freely of her opinions because of men. She must remain silent. It is evident that the narrator, often referred to as Cukita, in â€Å" Daughter of Invention† cannot speak what she wants. She reads poems from a book her father bought her written by Walt Whitman. She reads his free words; words he can openly speak. These are words of â€Å"a flesh and blood man† (Alvarez 14).Because Walt Whitman was a man, he could speak and write what he so choose. However, when Cukita â€Å"plagiarizes† his words, because she was a woman, she was not â€Å"permitted† to read her work at the assembly for which she was writing. When she read her speech to her mother, her mother beamed with pride. It was quite the opposite when she read this speech to her father. He was shocked that his wife would let their daughter read the speech she wrote. â€Å"You will permit her to read that? † (Alvarez 15) Cukita’s father said as if she needed permission to speak what she believes. As your father, I forbid you to say that eh-speech! † (Alvarez 15). Since he was a man, he had the final say in what h is daughter said. He could say whatever he liked but his daughter, because she was a woman, could not. Women were expected to be silent and could only speak in the male voice. We see the silence of a girl in Cofer’s â€Å"The Changeling. † In this poem, the speaker recalls a memory of when she was a young girl. She dressed in her brother’s military clothes which â€Å"[molded her] into boy shape† (Cofer 725). Her father found it very amusing. He would listen with a smile† (Cofer 725). She loved dressing up as a boy and pleasing her father because it was the only time he noticed her. The speaker pretended to tell stories of her times in the war as a man and this was the time that her father would pay attention to her. The only time he would listen to her words was when she was speaking in his voice – in a man’s voice. All other times, her words were not important to her father; they did not matter to him because she was not his son, she was his daughter. Females were restricted in what they could say and do.Women were not allowed to do as they pleased. They were limited not only in what they said but what they could do. In â€Å"Daughter of Invention,† Cukita’s mother liked to work on her inventions. â€Å"She always invented at night, after settling her house down† (Alvarez 10). The mother could only work on her projects after she had completed her obligations as a woman. It was a woman’s responsibility to take care of the house and keep her husband and family happy; putting her wants and wishes aside until these are taken care of first. Even her inventions were restricted.She would not invent things that would help the world as a whole but come up with ideas that would only help with your everyday life, particularly for the typical American woman. When discussing her inventions and why they did not help the greater good, â€Å"she would have said that was for men to do† (Alvare z 10). This shows that she was not allowed to create what she really wanted to invent. American women were not the only women who were restricted. It was common for women to be restricted all over the world. The narrator, Cukita, talked about the fact that her mother did not want to return home. She did not want to go back to the old country where she was only a wife and a mother† (Alvarez 14). In the Dominican Republic under Trujillo’s rule, women were only expected to be two things: a wife and a mother. They were restricted to being anything but. They did not have permission to explore their interests such as inventing. Women were expected to take care of the house and the family and if they did anything else, saying they’d be in trouble is an understatement. Women were not allowed to be free to be who they are. Women were expected to only take care of the family and the house even if they wanted to do something else.It is still joked about today all over the I nternet that women belong in the kitchen. While it is meant as a harmless joke, it is a reality for others. For example, it was a reality for the speaker in â€Å"The Changeling. † While her father was very amused with his daughter dressing as a man, her mother was not. When it was time for the family to sit down for dinner, the mother â€Å"[forbad her] from sitting down with them as a man† (Cofer 725). The mother felt that when her daughter dressed in her brother’s clothes, it was distracting her from being a girl.She is forced to go back into the closet to change back into her expected outfit. The speaker, who once saw a closet full of adventure, then saw the same closet as a dark space (Cofer 725). When she emerged from the closet, back into reality, she walked back into â€Å"the real world of her [mother’s] kitchen† (Cofer 725). For the speaker, a woman belonging in the kitchen was no laughing matter; it was her reality. She longed to be able to do the things a man did but she could not because she was a restricted woman. She wished to have the same power that a man did.After explaining about how powerless a woman was, it is clear that men were the superior ones. In â€Å"Daughter of Invention† after the father disapproved of his daughter’s speech, the mother and daughter felt the need to â€Å"rebel† and â€Å"join forces† (Alvarez 16) against the father. They knew that he was the man in charge. They could not simply tell him what he was doing was wrong and they certainly could not do it alone. It took two women to stand up to one man and they still lost, the father tearing his daughter’s speech to shreds, tearing her to shreds in turn. As the father, he had the final say on what happened.After calling her father the hated nickname of their former dictator Trujillo, the narrator ran to her room. Her father â€Å"ordered [her] on his authority as [her] father to open that door† (Alvarez 16). Because he was a man, he held the power in the house. He got free reign to tell his daughters and wife what to do and they must obey. In Dominican Republic, men were so superior that giving birth to a daughter was not as great as giving birth to a son. A mother was seen as a failure if she did not give birth to a son. When Cukita and her mother went into the father’s room, â€Å"his face rightened as if at long last his wife had delivered a son† (Alvarez 15). Fathers were happier when their wives bore them a son. There were fathers who did not pay attention to their children if they were not a boy. In â€Å"The Changeling,† the speaker must â€Å"[vie] for [her] father’s attention† (Cofer 725). Because she was not a man, the only way she could get her father to notice her was to dress, speak, and act like the son he always wanted her to be. After he mother made her change back into the girl she was supposed to be, she â€Å"return[ed ] invisible† (Cofer 725).Since she was no longer dressed as the superior man her father so wanted her to be, he did not pay any mind to her and she felt as if she was no one; as if she was invisible. It is because of her gender that she did not fit into society. Gender plays a major role in our everyday lives. Men and women were expected to act in a specific manner or otherwise they end up defeated. Women were meant to keep their thoughts and opinions silent. They were also not allowed to act as freely as they would like. Women were restricted in what they said and did.Because women were so repressed, it was evident that men were the superior ones. In modern society, women have earned the right to be treated as equally and as fairly as men. However, there are still some areas in society where women are more oppressed than men are. Works Cited Alvarez, Julia. â€Å"Daughter of Invention. † Approaching Literature. Eds. Peter Schakel and Jack Ridl. Boston: Bedford/St. Mart in’s, 2012. 10-19. Cofer, Judith Ortiz. â€Å"The Changeling. † Approaching Literature. Eds. Peter Schakel and Jack Ridl. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2012. 725.

Cooperative Learning Sample Lesson

Cooperative Learning Sample Lesson Cooperative learning is a great technique to implement into your curriculum. As you begin to think about and design this strategy to fit into your teaching, consider using the following tips. Present the material first, cooperative learning comes after students are taught.Choose your strategy and explain how it works to the students. For this sample lesson, students will be using the jigsaw strategy.Assess students individually. Although students will work together as a team they will also be working individually to complete a specific task. Here is a cooperative learning sample lesson using the the Jigsaw method. Choosing Groups First, you must choose your cooperative learning groups. An informal group will take about one class period or the equivalent to one lesson plan period. A formal group can last from several days to several weeks. Presenting the Content Students will be asked to read a chapter in their social studies books about the first nations of North America. Afterward, read the childrens book The Very First Americans by Cara Ashrose. This is a story about how the first Americans lived. It shows the students beautiful pictures of art, clothing, and other Native American artifacts. Then, show students a brief video about Native Americans. Teamwork Now its time to divide students into groups and use the jigsaw cooperative learning technique to research the First Americans. Divide students into groups, the number depends on how many subtopics you want the students to research. For this lesson divide students into groups of five students. Each member of the group is given a different assignment. For example, one member will be responsible for researching the First American customs; while another member will be in charge of learning about the culture; another member is responsible for understanding the geography of where they lived; another must research the economics (laws, values); and   the last member is responsible for studying the climate and how the first American got food, etc. Once students have their assignment they can go off on their own to research it by any means necessary. Each member of the jigsaw group will meet with another member from another group that is researching their exact topic.For example, students that researching the First Americans culture would meet regularly to discuss information, and share information on their topic. They are essentially the expert on their particular topic. Once students have completed their research on their topic they return to their original jigsaw cooperative learning group. Then each expert will now teach the rest of their group everything that they learned. For example, the customs expert would teach members about the customs, the geography expert would teach members about the geography, and so on. Each member listens carefully and takes notes on what each expert in their groups discusses. Presentation: Groups can then give a brief presentation to the class on the key features that they learned on their particular topic. Assessment Upon completion, students are given a test on their subtopic as well as on the key features of the other topics that they learned in their jigsaw groups. Students will be tested on the First Americans culture, customs, geography, economics, and climate/food. Looking for more information about cooperative learning? Here is the official definition, group management tips and techniques, and effective learning strategies on how to monitor, assign and manage expectations.

Primes and Princes

Primes and Princes Primes and Princes Primes and Princes By Mark Nichol This post lists and defines words deriving from the adjective primus, meaning â€Å"first† or â€Å"finest.† premier: first, or earliest; as a noun, a synonym for â€Å"prime minister† premier danseur/premià ¨re danseuse: the first male and female dancer, respectively, in a ballet company premiere: most commonly, a first performance or broadcast of a performing-arts production or the first day of an exhibition (and, rarely, the leading actress in a production); as a verb, pertains to appearing for the first time in a starring role, or the first performance of a performing-arts production prim: neat and trim, or prudish or stiffly formal (and occasionally a verb pertaining to dressing modestly or making a demure expression); prim is also sometimes an abbreviation for primary or primitive prima donna: the first female singer in an opera or a concert; by extension, based on the stereotypical arrogance of such performers, a person who is difficult to work with prima facie: apparent or self-evident (or, in legal usage, legally sufficient to establish a case or a fact); on first appearance primacy: the state of being first, or the office of a high-ranking priest called a primate primal: elemental, natural, or original; less often, first in importance primary: first in order of development or time, or importance or value, or basic, direct, or firsthand; also, relating to something initial or preparatory, or pertaining to a first division, or relating to a preliminary election, as well as derived from ores or not derivable from other phenomena (such as colors); as a noun, something first, dominant, or most proximate primate: any of various species, including humans, apes, monkeys, and related animals; also, the highest-ranking priest in a given area primatologist: one who studies primates primavera: served with fresh vegetables (said of a dish, as in â€Å"pasta primavera†) prime: as a noun, the first hour of the day, the best or most active period or stage, the earliest stage, the best or leading individual or part, the first part of the day, a symbol resembling an apostrophe used for various designations (including units of length, angular measure, or time), or a truncation of â€Å"prime number† or â€Å"prime rate†; as an adjective, best or first, or original (also various mathematical senses); as a verb, apply, load, prepare, stimulate, or supply primer: a short introductory piece of writing, such as an informative article or a reading-instruction book; also, a device used to ignite explosives, a molecule necessary for formation of another molecule, or an initial coating, such as for painting a surface primeval: ancient, basic, or first created, formed, or existing primigravida: one that or who is pregnant for the first time primipara: one that has borne a first offspring or only one offspring primiparous: having a first or only one offspring primitive: original, or earliest or least evolved or in an early stage of development, elemental or natural, or naive or self-taught primo: the first or leading part in an ensemble; as an adverb, in the first place; as an adjective, slang synonym for excellent primogenitor: ancestor or forefather primogeniture: exclusive right of the eldest son to inherit all, or being the firstborn primordial: see primeval primp: dress up (perhaps an extension of prim) primrose: any of various species of plants and their flowers primus: in the Scottish Episcopal Church, the leading bishop; also, the first word of the Latin phrase primus inter pares, meaning â€Å"first among equals† prince: a male member of a ruling family (especially a son of the ruler), a king or other male ruler, a nobleman, or, by extension, one of high rank or standing princeling: a minor prince princess: a female member of a ruling family (especially a daughter of the ruler), a queen or other female ruler, a noblewoman, or, by extension, one of high rank or standing principal: as a noun, a leading person, such as the chief administrator of a school, or something that is most important, or the original amount of money owed; as an adjectival, most important principality: the territory of a prince, or the authority, office, or state of a prince; in plural form, one of various hierarchical categories of angels principle: an assumption, law, or principle considered fundamental, or an explanatory fact or law; a code or rule of conduct, the quality of devotion to principles, or a quality in general; an original source; or an ingredient with a characteristic quality Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Words for Facial Expressions50 Latin Phrases You Should KnowHow to Style Legislative Terms

Business Opportunity analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Opportunity analysis - Assignment Example Commercial production of lowbush blueberry in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Quebec (Canada) and Maine (US) is known to be susceptible to a serious fungal disease, called Monilinia blight, which causes significant economic loss annually. A team of agriculture researchers developed a technology in the form of an apparatus that can be used to effectively predict the risk of infection in fields. The apparatus functions with an algorithm that accurately indicates the state of infection or risk of infection caused by wetness as captured by a moisture sensor. The technology is to be licensed, with exclusive rights to enhance and commercialize the technology. Market Research & Analysis Market trends and needs Lowbush blueberry has come a long way to take its position as one of the most significant horticultural crops in the province of Nova Scotia Canada (Benoit et al, 1984). Commercial development today, which is done on a large scale, started in forties and fifties. The industry has grown in leaps and bounds since. For instance data shows that only 1,125,000 pounds was produced with a farm value of $152,000. Average annual production from 1992 to 1996 was over 29,000,000 pounds. In 2000 over 32,000,000 pounds of lowbush blueberries were harvested with a farm gate of over $20,000,000 and an economic value of Nova Scotia surpassing $50,000,000 (Wild Blueberry Network Information Centre, 2012). Market Segmentation The target market for Lowbush Blueberry Moisture Sensor will be all the farmers in lowbush blueberry, who combined, have a farm value of over $20, 000,000. They are the ones is known to affected by the serious fungal disease, called Monilinia blight, which causes significant economic loss annually. Product Product Description Lowbush Blueberry Moisture Sensor is an apparatus that predicts the risk of fungal infection in blueberry fields. The apparatus functions with an algorithm that accurately indicates the state of infection or risk of in fection caused by wetness as captured by a moisture sensor. The technology is to be patented, with exclusive rights to enhance and commercialize the technology. This technology will be attractive to manufacturers who: have manufacturing capabilities of small plastic and metal parts; have excellent knowledge of the existing agricultural production, marketing systems, sales and infrastructure in the region; and Can incorporate the sensor and the algorithm with remote communication software, in a self-contained unit. Potential for Commercial Enhancement & Adding Value Remote communications Customarily remote in location, blueberry fields are often near forested areas that are geographically situated at different terrains exhibiting different micro-climatic conditions. Information, on the wetness of the fields, that is made available regularly at the convenience of the growers’ home location, is beneficial in the timely control of this damaging disease. In this light, a remote co mmunications technology attached to the moisture sensor is potentially capable of enhancing such usefulness of the apparatus. Other farming techniques, other crops –

Politics of climate change science and its uses and abuses Essay

Politics of climate change science and its uses and abuses - Essay Example nd the challenges that he encountered during his research from Papal, fellow scientists and even had to be held under house rest for the rest of his life. He shows that the progress of scientific knowledge is determined by lack of political dictation. Politics cannot dictate what scientists research on, nor can their findings be ignored even if they threaten our beliefs or personal economic circumstance. On the other hand, Sarewitz supports that there is looming climate change crisis which he says is grounded on scientific rationality that lacks, moral base, experience and empathy. This is a rationality that relies on natural sciences and economics and excludes history, culture and politics. In his case, science and climate policy may not be adequate ways of combating climate change. Rather a change in the morality of the society and the need to care about science, rationality and truth, he argues are the key towards scientific rationalism. The film, an inconvenient truth, produced by Al Gore also identifies with the presence of a looming climate change and global warming. Gore discusses the scientific facts behind global warming showing how it affects the environment. He provides the effects that result from failure to respond to this crisis and points out an inconvenient truth of what all individual can do to conserve and protect the

Summary of Peer Reviews of the Protagnonsts on Frankenstein Essay

Summary of Peer Reviews of the Protagnonsts on Frankenstein - Essay Example The thread depicts that these protagonists are similar, because they all covet something that is missing in their lives, but having what they want does not make them happy at all, and instead, they have lost everything in the end. The majority of the class agree that Victor and Frankenstein are similar in many ways, where the creator and created become one in motivations and consequences. Victor and Frankenstein are the same, because of their thirst for knowledge. Several students assert that Victor is hungry for knowledge, so he yearns to learn the ultimate knowledge, the ability to create life like a God. At the same time, Frankenstein shares the same need for additional knowledge. Like his master, however, the further he learns, the more he realizes how physically revolting he is and how little happiness and acceptance he can find in human society. The irony is that the more these protagonists acquire knowledge, the more miserable they become. Keri stresses the irony of both learn ing the highest kind of knowledge and still ending up being more miserable because of it: â€Å"At the apex of his learning, when he discovers the genesis of life, he becomes most miserable.† The same also happens to Frankenstein. ... Victor’s and Frankenstein’s self-loathing also leads to destructive paths that have destroyed them and the people around them. Victor and the monster are also comparable, because of their self-loathing for the consequences of their actions. Victor lives in agony, because he knows that his poor choices have caused tragedy for his family and himself. The monster also loathes himself and Victor, so he acts against his master’s family instead. Frankenstein’s loathing can be seen as a spillover of Victor’s loathing, and this vicious cycle harms Victor to a greater extent as the novel progresses. Darci makes an interesting point when she highlights the difference between Victor and Frankenstein’s self-loathing. For her, Victor brought his misery upon himself, while Frankenstein was a victim of his creator and other external circumstances. In the end, Victor is still the main person to be blamed for the tragedy in their lives. Several students react on Keri’s observation that Walton and Frankenstein are also similar, because they both need companionship due to their loneliness, and yet they do not find anyone who can truly be there for them as friends. Keri focuses on the similarity between Walton and Frankenstein, which other students have not pointed out, because the latter both need someone to love and they similarly look up to Victor to â€Å"end their loneliness.† Stephen and Raymond agree with Keri that loneliness is a primary similarity for Walton and the monster, while Randall and Taylor note the importance of looking not only at what characters look like, but also â€Å"what they want.† Their driving force for companionship

Short Cousework on Parts of Speech Essay Example for Free

Short Cousework on Parts of Speech Essay I am equally grateful to my lecturer, Madam Wan Ziraiza Binti Raja Wan Ismail because she gave me moral support and guided me regarding the topic in this assignment. She had been very kind and patient while suggesting me the outlines of this short coursework in class and correcting my uncertainties. I would like to thank her from bottom of my heart for her overall supports. Encourage is all important for me. I find myself being deeply indebted and grateful to those who always stand beside and supporting me; my parents and friends. I would like to show my appreciation to all of my fellow friends who are willing to spend their time discussing together about this English assignment in the progression of finishing this assignment. Thanks to them for their useful information and guidance in order to help out to make my assignment better from time to time. I am very thankful to everyone who had supported me, for I have completed this short coursework effectively and moreover on time. By doing this assignment, I can call in mind and increased my knowledge on English especially on grammar part. I sincerely hope that this assignment can encourage me and my friends to become possess in English grammar from now on. INTRODUCTION In this short coursework, three main things must be included which is parts of speech, types of sentences and tenses. According to Edward Sapir in his book Language: an Introduction to the Study of Speech (1921), â€Å"a part of speech outside of the limitations of syntactic form is but a will o’ the wisp. For this reason, no logical scheme of the parts of speech-their number, nature, and necessary confines-is of the slightest interest to the linguist†. Part of speech can be defined as a classification of words according to how they are used in a sentence and the types of ideas they convey. The chief parts of speech in English are nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions and interjections. There are three major types of sentences. They are simple sentence, compound sentence and complex sentence. Simple sentence also called an independent clause contains a subject and a verb, and it expresses a complete thought. Compound sentence contains two independent clauses joined by a coordinator. The example of coordinators are for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. Complex sentence has an independent clause joined by one or more dependent clauses. A complex sentence always has a subordinator such as because, since, after, although, or when or a relative pronoun such as that, who, or which. John Seely said in his book Grammar for Teachers ( 2007), Some grammarians define a tense as an inflection of the verb-a change of meaning you achieve by altering the form of the verb†. In other words, tense refers to the form a verb takes depending on the time at which an action occurred. Tenses may also indicate whether an action, activity or state is, was, or will be complete, or whether it is, was, or will be in progress over a period of  time. The English grammar should be learned by everyone because it supplies essential information about the grammatical forms and structures of all the major and minor word classes that is important in daily conversations. 2.2 TYPES OF SENTENCES Simple sentences: 1) Developing countries contribute nearly half of the total GHG emissions. 2) Climate change is steadily depressing crop yields. Compound sentences: 1) Numerous policy and scientific reports indicate that if better technologies and management practices are evolved and put into use, the agricultural sector can offer a huge potential to reduce GHG load in a cost-effective manner. 2) It is estimated that an additional annual investment of USD 1.5 billion in agriculture and rural development will be needed to offset such an impact in South Asia. Complex sentences: 1) Sustainability has been given due consideration because in Asian countries intensive land use is accompanied by problems such as unplanned exploitation of nature soil and water resources. 2) It is estimated that an additional annual investment of USD 1.5 billion in agriculture and rural development will be needed to offset such an impact in South Asia and USD 7 billion on a global scale. REFLECTION Thanks to Allah S.W.T. for His Grateful finally I could finished my short coursework completely. In this short coursework, I have to select a text on environment. 10 sentences must be selected from the text and analyze the sentences according to the five parts of speech. Next task is to give two examples of simple, compound and complex sentences each from the text. Lastly, the task needs me to construct 12 sentences from selected three verbs according to the sub tenses. I have gained a lot of benefits by doing this assignment. First, when I have found the article, I read it critically and understanding the type of sentences. This has improving my reading skill. Secondly, I practice to use correct and appropriate language structure in different types of writing. I admit that I was weak in the grammar part. With this assignment, I could recall what I have learned in previous lesson at class before this and strengthen my English especially in grammar. Moreover, this assignment gives me opportunity to learn English grammar more as I know grammar scope is wide. The problem that I face in completing this short coursework is I have to select the most suitable text related to environment. The difficulty appeared when the text contains long sentences and it brings difficulty to me to analyze the sentences. To overcome this problem, I have discussed with  my friend about the best text to be selected. My friends and I help each other as the saying goes â€Å"sharing is caring†. Even Sir Winston Churchill said that â€Å"If you have knowledge, let others light their candles with it†. Finally, I would like to emphasis here that this coursework has build my repertoire of understanding the grammar in English. Hopefully the knowledge that I gained would be useful for me and my friends. Thank you. CONCLUSION Grammar is one of the structures of language. It is very important to have a good basic grammar, as it is most important one being effective communication. Grammatical errors in both speaking and writing can distract from the message itself and cause negative feelings to the listener or reader. Avoiding grammatical errors can help students avoid low grades, low self-esteem and embarrassment. The key to good grammar is getting know first when to use which style and being able to defend own reasoning. Bookstores, libraries, and the internet are full of information on proper use of grammar. In order to improve grammar mastery, take some time to read the books, listen to the english tapes, visit english web sites, and work on grammar skills. Conversation in english with friends may help to make english mastery better. Thus, I can conclude that grammar is subjective and quite doubtful however; bad grammar should always be avoided. BIBLIOGRAPHY Wren Martin, (2008), High School English Grammar Composition, S. Chand Company Ltd. Mark Cholij and Geetha Nagaraj, (2004), English Basic a companion to grammar and writing, C.O.S. Printers Pte Ltd Betty Schrampfer Azar, (1996), Basic English Grammar Second Edition, Pearson Education Company Betty Schrampfer Azar, (1992), Fundamentals of English Grammar Second Edition Pearson Education Company J.S. Hooper, (2007), A Quick English Reference, published by Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. Eddiplex, (2008), Advanced English Grammar, Eddiplex Sdn. Bhd. Lynne Hand, The Learn English Online Network, http://www.learnenglish.de/vocabulary/tenses/growtense.htm#top, access on 23 February 2011 Erlyn Baack, http://www.eslbee.com/sentences.htm, access on 23 February 2011 Demand Media (2010), http://www.essortment.com/parts-speech-34216.html, access on 23 February 2011 Englishclub.com, http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verb-tenses.htm, access on 24 February 2011

Inter Professional Collaboration In Practice

Inter Professional Collaboration In Practice Inter-professional Education (IPE) occurs when two or more professions learn together with the object of cultivating collaborative practice (CAIPE 2002). The benefits, as purported by (Barr 2002) are to have mutual understanding and respect, broadminded attitudes and perceptions and minimised stereotypical thinking. This thinking is informed by the legislative policy requirements of health and social care agencies to work closely and collaboratively together with service user along with professional guidelines (DH 2006, GSCC 2008, and QAA 2008). Communicating with other health and social care professionals, understanding contrasting perspectives, being involved in the seminars, groupwork trigger exercises, and IPE literature has enhanced my learning at the conference and has informed my practice for the future. The module began with introductions and the team members each described their professional roles. (Dombeck 1997) refers to the importance of knowing your own professional identity and that of others before you are able to be able to form useful IP relationships. As students there was an initial understanding of each of our own professional roles and this was enhanced by discussion. Through this social process of learning we were able to correct each others bias and assumptions. The multidisciplinary group was not universal in its wish to achieve as much from the course as possible; this became understandable later, when it was clarified that the course did not form part of the medical degree qualification. A sense of inequality developed, which led the group to question the value placed on IPE within the medical profession. (Stapleton 1998) refers to open and honest and equal participation being conducive to collaborative relationships between professions. Despite this perceived ineq uality the group functioned well together. Open and honest discussions ensued although any interactions were superficial given the duration of the conference. Contact was sparse following the conference and there was little use of the IT systems placed on blackboard to assist or cement further learning. Professor Means (2010) presentation resonated with me, as he spoke of championing ones own values and ethics, whilst seeing different perspectives and challenging boundaries of roles. He viewed this to be achievable with positive interactions and collaborations and engendering mutual trust and support. This led me to reflect on the nature of this discussion and contribute to the completion of one of our sentences. Challenging professional boundaries creatively, whilst advocating ones own professions values and ethics. Pecukonis et al (2008) state that ethics relate to the pursuit of human betterment but these can be viewed and interpreted by different professions and refers to the term profession-centrism.This was underpinned by discussion within the group of the crossover in roles occurring within health and social care for example occupational therapist carrying out some of the duties of nurses and vice versa, whilst also being the eyes and ears for social workers. This caused me t o consider that social work is done by many professionals and its boundaries are not clear. This, whilst confusing, can lead to more professional fulfilment within roles and lead to a stronger skill mix which, with the service user at the centre, will lead to a better service and resource savings. Social, political and economic elements would welcome this cross over of skills however there is a possibility of a devaluing the value of each profession. (Barr 2004) supports this view and discusses the new flexible worker giving patients a holistic approach but also advocates respect for specialisms within teams. The upgrading of responsibility and specialisation of medical tasks to nurses previously in the Doctors domain was discussed and there was a consensus within the group that this was a positive experience as it valued knowledge and not hierarchical structures of power. (Baker et al 2006) discusses the modernisation of healthcare and the move towards a team based model of healthcare delivery. Power has traditionally been sanctioned through authority and has in general been located within the medical profession (Colyer 2004) advises that the last fifteen years have seen a sea change in the medical professions organisation, structure and agency and this has improved the quality of intervention to service users. The seminar on Intermediate Care by Williams and Drake (2010) increased my knowledge of how the multidisciplinary teams within the Community Health Team and Bristol City Council work together to provide holistic, flexible and client centred services with a single point of access. This occurs despite different IT, communication and reward systems and the challenges for the future viewed as aligning the organisational aims and objectives, recording systems, and professional views to transform consistency, capacity and efficiency. This enabled me to understand the daily pressures of working between organisations and the further challenges that present themselves with the current political and financial changes currently affecting the NHS and how the stereotyping of roles and their responsibilities are changing as are service user involvement. The terms service user, patient and client were debated by the group and the subtle ways that language inform the discourse. Service user as a term was decided upon as it was the least discriminatory although consensus was not possible and the problematic nature of labels was explored both for service users and carers (Thomas 2010 p.172-3). The National Occupational Standards of Social Work (2006) set out the values and ethics of service users and carers and the importance of inclusion. The carer in the patients voices video who expressed her lack of recognition of being an expert by experience demonstrated the gaps that as (Payne 2000) defines as the difference between professionals in collaborative working detracting from the empowerment and involvement of people who use services. Service users and carers should have a place in the decision making process. I was able to appreciate the seminar provide by Adams (2010) which challenged my perception of being different but being compatible with others. Analogies were used of chalk and cheese and peas in a pod; the same components but different .This challenged my own conscious and unconscious views of my own profession and that of others, and the stereotypes that I hold and internalise. In order to combat these feelings I felt a need to have a clear sense of my own identity, confidence, role boundaries, values and ethics and practice and knowledge standards. I questioned my own perceived identity and that of my profession and recognised my own attempts to try to overcome perceived stereotypes and how issues of power and oppression require consideration before action, (Dalrymple and Burke 2006). A discussion ensued regarding conflicts of interest between professionals and I was able to make the links between theory and practice. (White and Featherstone 2005 p.210) explores the idea of story telling about different professions or professional groups and how atrocity stories allows one profession to scapegoat another but how stories can also strengthen and confirm identity, by questioning other professions and thereby strengthening ones own. (Barnes et al., 2000) state that by developing ones own knowledge base and othering of different professions whether rooted in the medical or social models allows different perspectives to be heard and recognised. (Lukes 1974) discusses these views of power and the subtle way that power is exercised and how people can remain powerless and this how service users are viewed within IP practice. The Childrens Act 1989 and Every Child Matters 2006 are all resulting from the failures within public services to protect children. In reality IPW continues to fail. The Bristol Royal Infirmary (2001) Victoria Climbie Inquiry Lord Laming(2003) and more recent news on the serious case review of Baby P (2009) and the ongoing Mid Staffordshire NHS Trust Inquiry (2010) have highlighted serious breakdowns in multi-agency working and communication. The subsequent media reports have shown increased public mistrust and increased accountability for professionals Davies et al (1999) states that trust is an asset and that its reduction may hamper institutions ability to function. Words 1305 Section 2 Discuss how you would take what you have learnt about IP working into practice? Effective IP working (IPW) involves performing within practice situations of cohesion and disparity. Working collaboratively with other social and health care professionals has experientially helped me to reaffirm and develop my practice. I have gained experience in communicating effectively, understanding teamwork, exploring stereotypes and professional identity and how social, economic and political factors will affect my future practice. As a social work (SW) student working within an education and child protection setting, I understand the need to ensure a holistic and safe care provision in order to protect vulnerable children and adults. The Victoria Climbie Inquiry (Laming, 2003) pointed to the failure of various professions in their ability to work together in a competent and unified way. The Laming report led to the change in social workers National Occupational Standards and focussed on the need to develop clear documented communication, sharing all aspects with all relevant professionals to avoid any ambiguity and uncertainty within teams. (Laming, 2009. p. 61) emphasises that: there is a clear need for a determined focus on improvement of practice in child protection across all the agencies . . . I will describe a child protection team meeting and its wider lessons for my practice. Whilst on placement I met a young girl, whos younger brother was subject to a child protection investigation. Her mother had limited English and her father was the alleged abuser. The investigation involved a child protection meeting involving a plethora of health and social care professions to jointly assess the risk to both children. The meeting was effectively chaired by a social worker and all were invited to contribute their specific knowledge and evidence on the family, opinion was sought on actions and timeframes.(Molyneux 2001) debates the issue of good teamwork as being dependant on the qualities of the staff and the need for there to be no one dominant force. By communication being inclusive, creative and regular, issues can be debated and resolved. Concluding that teams were successful when members were confident, motivated and flexible and communication channels were clear, frequent and in the same base. (Petrie 1976) discusses a cognitive map where two opposing disciplin arians can look at the same thing but not see the same thing. My experience of working within this multi-disciplinary team was positive with all professionals having a voice. However on reflection and through IPW I am now more aware of the perspectives of others and the need to define and develop my professional identity. (Bell Allain 2010 p.10) in their pedagogic study allude to SW students being reverential to medical expertise and giving low ratings on their own abilities of leadership. I feel a dichotomy exists between SW railing against the medical model and promoting the social model whilst deferring to the stereotypes of professionalism within health and social care. For the future I need to be aware of stereotypes and continue to develop my critical reflection of both my personal and professional self whilst developing my abilities to be heard within multiprofessional teams. As a SW student, I am aware that there exists a blurring of edges of what the SW role entails and how the identity of the role may change in the future. (Payne2006) refers to a social worker working within a mental health practitioners team which included working alongside nurses and psychologists including high levels of therapy based work, which would not usually sit within social work practice and therefore ones professional identity could be lost. (Lymbury Butler 2004) state that whilst it is important to share knowledge with other professionals that are allied to social work it is imperative that the identity of ones own profession is preserved. (Laidler 1991) further addresses the issues of crossing professional boundaries describing them as professional adulthood. That IP jealousy and conflicts will arise to the detriment of the team members and more importantly to the service user. Power as exercised may cause some to struggle as power is shared and fluctuates in accordance with whose knowledge and expertise best suits the service user. Envy as discussed by (Schein 2004) identifies ways in which it can stand in the way of good IP learning by creating a collective unconscious resulting in; an attack on colleagues, an attack on learning and failing to learn from each other and or authority figures, and issues of who takes responsibility. Within the Child Protection meeting the chair was a senior SW who co-ordinated the professionals and this caused me to reflect on my abilities, as SWs must deliver safe high quality care but given limited resources , different professional groups will have different priorities and see issues differently. Sellman (2010) concludes that you need to be willing , have trust in others and have effective leadership either acting with your inclinations or action that affords the best outcome however, personal , professional and structural influences can encourage or discourage practitioners. I recognised that for the future I ne eded to increase my ability to create a dialogue across difference whilst holding on to the dignity and responsibility of every person. (Skaerbaek 2010) purports that by listening to the minority one is able to see the practices that underlie the agenda of the majority. However the future blurring of health and welfare provision is changing across all sectors. The role of the private sector in the provision of health and welfare practice can provide competitive market forces to drive up the standards and offer greater choice to individuals through direct payments. This in turn can create greater service user autonomy and much more creative solutions. However this can also lead to inequality and a perception that the services are driven by profit bringing the ethical motivation of private sector into question and a blurring of the duties of the state to the service user. (Field and Peck 2003) conclude that the culture of the private and public sector will need to merge and this will result in challenges within roles and organisations. The voluntary sector is one of the fastest growing with voluntary organisations, who, when commissioned, are more accessible to service users and people are more likely to engage with them. They have more freedom acting as advocates and campaigners and are less regulated through targets (Pollard et al 2010). However given the current economic climate and the recently announced budget cuts (Rickets 2010) suggests that the pressure on the voluntary sector to provide more services will continue and if the state retreats from providing services, the voluntary and community sector will fill the gap. Personalisation in which services are tailored to the needs and preferences of citizens is the overall government vision: that the state should empower citizens to shape their own lives and the services they receive. Liberating the NHS 2010 (p3 4) states that We will put patients at the heart of the NHS, through an information revolution and greater choice and control: a. Shared decision making will become the norm: no decision about me without me and The Government will devolve power and responsibility for commissioning services to the healthcare professionals closest to patients: GPs and their practice t eams working in consortia.(Foreman 2008) sees the need to involve IT in helping to improve and reduce the barriers to IPW. The structures of IPW will continue to evolve and change with complexity and ideological thinking however I need to engage with other professionals and service users in a person centred way. In conclusion, the IPW conference, literature and subsequent research have clarified my future need to be flexible in both my role and that of others and the primacy of the service user at the centre of my practice. Teams and service users are diverse, comprised of people of different ages, from different social and cultural backgrounds with different expectations. (Carnwell et al 2005 p.56) relates collaboration to embracing diversity and moving away from the comfortable assumption that there is only one way to see the world , providing strategies : learn from each other, embrace IP working, and adopt a value position where anti discriminatory practice is central. By critically reflecting on practice I must embrace a degree of uncertainty and unpredictability as a necessary part of the complex micro and macro systems of IPW. Words 1374 SECTION 3 REFERENCES Adams, K. (2010) What is Interprofessional Education? UWE Bristol, IPE Level 2 Conference. Baker, D. Day, R. Salas, E. 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Vol 1 pp1 -15 Bristol Royal Infirmary Inquiry HM Government (2001) Learning from Bristol: the report of the public inquiry into childrens heart surgery at the Bristol Royal Infirmary 1984 -1995. London: HMSO [online] Available from: http://www.bristol-inquiry.org.uk/final_report/report/index.htm [Accessed 16 November 2010] Carnwell, R. Buchanan, J. (2005) Effective Practice in Health Social Care: A partnership Approach. Berkshire: Open University Press CAIPE (2002) [online] Available from : http://www.caipe.org.uk/about-us/defining-ipe/ [Accessed 8 November 2010] Childrens Act (1989) [online] Available from: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1989/41/contents [Accessed 10 November 2010] Colyer, H. (2004) The construction and development of health professions: where will it end? Journal of Advanced Nursing Vol 48, (4), pp. 408-412 Dalrymple, J. and Burke, B. (2006) Anti-oppressive Practice, Social Care and the Law (2nd edition). Maidenhead: Open University Press Davies, H. Shields, A. 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(2010) Intermediate Care (IMCS) Bridging the Gap Facilitated Discharge. UWE Bristol, IPE Level 2 Conference. SECTION 4 APPENDIX- 6 AGREED GROUP SENTENCES Theme 1: Communication issues between Health and Social Care professionals Clear and concise communication is key to a well co-ordinated transfer within health and social care services. Health and Social care professionals need to recognise the importance of maintaining privacy, dignity and respect when communicating in the presence of service users. Theme 2: Contrasting professional perspectives/ values within teams. Recognise the importance of valuing each health and social care professions perspective. Challenging professional boundaries creatively whilst advocating ones own professions values and ethics. Theme 3: Stereotyping, power imbalances and team processes Positive attitudes to working with other health and social care professionals in a real world environment with the patient/service user at the centre of planning and documenting is necessary to reduce power imbalances. Recognise and embrace differences to minimise stereotypical views within health and social care.